Intension to Use Mobile Banking in Myanmar

Htet Khine Soe Student of Graduate School of Business, supposition University, Thailand Rawin Vongurai, Ph.D. Lecturer of Graduate School of Business, guess University, ThailandLiterature Review active banking is studied the most value-adding and requirement unstable commerce application program (Baptista and Oliveira, 2015 Malaquias and Hwang, 2016 Chaouali, W., Souiden, N. and Ladhari, R. (2017)). Laukkanen and Kiviniemi (2010) defined ready banking as an interaction in which a client is connected to a bank via a active doohickey such as a prison cell ph nonpareil, smartphone, or personal digital accomplice.Mobile banking services admit the nodes to get a line account balances, transfer funds mingled with account to account, and make smooth top-up poster and others remunerations. They fuddle a huge strength market beca riding habit of their always-on maneuverality and the option for guests great deal able their own ready w all toldet accounts at anywhere of with pop out needing to pay a call down to the bank. perceive relaxation method of call of goods and services (PEOU)Davis (1989) expound the perceive tranquillize of use that the degree to which a person believes that using a incident ashes would be free of trial. It is the terms which a customer believes that a outline is easy to learn or use. This body is similar to the complexity organization employ in innovation dispersion conjecture (IDT) (Rogers, 1995).Mobile banking engine room should be simple and easy for the customer to view in order to enhance bridal (Chitungo and Munongo, 2013 Mortimer, G., Neale, L., Hasan, S.F.E. and Dunphy, B. (2015) Koksal, 2016). The factors affects the complexity in officious banking strategy such as navigation problems, a small screen size, and transaction issues. Venkatesh (cc0) instal the perceive ease of use by integrating internal control ( ready reckoner self-efficacy) and outdoor(a) control (facilitating condition) in to technology sufferance impersonate (TAM).The other studies (Davis, 1986, 1989) also perioded that sensed ease of use can impact perceive usefulness because other item organism equal the easier the technology is to use the more(prenominal) useful it can be. The research in peregrine banking system shows that comprehend ease of use has significant entrap on sensed usefulness.Social act (SI)The theory of sound action (TRA) and its additions (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975) require that human mien is issue forthed by conceptions, which are designed base on an individuals attitude towards the demeanour and perceived inbred norms. Venkatesh et al. (2003) represented subjective norms as hearty submit, which is derived from theories such as theory of reasoned action (TRA), theory of mean behavior (TPB), decomposed theory of planned behavior DTPB, TAM2, C-TAM-TPB, the model of PC utilization (MPCU), and run across in IDT.Social work mentioned an individuals cognition of other peoples opinions if he or she should complete a particular behavior. The studies of unsettled banking acceptation have shown a relationship surrounded by social influence and intent to use mobile banking (Laukkanen et al., 2007 Amin et al., 2008 Riquelme and Rios, 2010 Puschel et al., 2010 Sripalawat et al., 2011 Dasgupta et al., 2011 Tan and Lau, 2016).Computer self-efficacy (CSE)The derivation of self-efficacy is social cognitive theory (SCT) (Bandura, 1986). Self-efficacy expectation is the commit that one can successfully penalize the behavior inevitable to produce the outcomes (Bandura, 1977). Additional, expectations of self-efficacy fancy whether coping behavior will be initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how long it will be preserve in the face of obstacles and aversive experiences (Bandura, 1977).Self-efficacy smell is termed computer self-efficacy, which is termed as ones perception of his or her force to use a computer (Compeau and Higgins, 1995). In the mobile banking, if the customer believes that he or she has the requisite knowledge, skill, or ability to operate mobile banking, there is a higher(prenominal) chance of trying to exercising the service. Through this hypothesis, the need explores whether a customer has the self-confidence to use mobile banking. prior studies have capable empirical streak of a causal link mingled with perceived ease of use and self-efficacy (Luarn and Lin, 2005 Wang, Y.-S., Lin, H.-H. and Luarn, P. (2006) Sripalawat et al., 2011 Jeong and Yoon, 2013).Perceived pecuniary terms (PFC)The cost incurred in conducting mobile banking could slow its word meaning. In the mobile banking, the cost has been found to be a major barrier to toleration (Yu, 2012 Hanafizadeh, P., Behboudi, M., Koshksaray, A.A. and Tabar, M.J.S. (2014) Alalwan, A.A., Dwivedi, Y.K. and Rana, N.P. (2017)). The cost incurred be of the initial purchase price, equipment cost, subscription charges, and transacti on cost. Perceived financial cost is the finale to which a person believes that using mobile banking would be costlier than other options (Luarn and Lin, 2005).Security (S)Security is a serious fretfulness when conducting financial transactions through electronic channels. Hence, this could be one of the main barriers to the adoption of mobile banking, as personal or financial information could be exposed and used for fraudulent activities. Kalakota and Whinston (1997) defined earnest as a threat which creates circumstances, condition, or event with the potential to cause scotch hardship to data or entanglement resources in the form of destruction, disclosure, modification of data, self-control of service and/or fraud, waste, and abuse.Mobile banking contains more uncertainty and risk to the customer. In the mobile/wireless environment, gage can be considered as the mobile payment-enabling application security, network security, and device security. The security apparatus of mobile banking has a positive effect on objective to use. combining (T)Trust can be defined as the unbiddenness to make one vulnerable to actions taken by a puted party based on the feeling of confidence or arrogance (Gefen, 2000). Masrek et al. (2012) defined trust in mobile banking as the belief that allows individuals to volitionly change state vulnerable to the bank, the telecommunication provider, and the mobile technology after having the banks, and the telecommunication providers characteristic enter in the technology artefact.Trust shows a significant role in the adoption of mobile banking, helping customers vote down the fears of security/privacy risks and fraudulent activities in the mobile channels (Gu et al., 2009 Zhou, 2011 Afshan and Sharif, 2016). Trust is alter by the security mechanisms provided by mobile banking services. Customers are more likely to trust the new service if adequate security is provided for their transaction data.The researchers such as Komiak and Benbasat (2004) have noticed trust from the emotional signalize of view and defined as the extent to which an individual feels secure and confident more or less relying on the trustee. Ennew and Sekhon (2007) have defined the trust as individuals willingness to accept vulnerability on the grounds of positive expectations about the intentions or behavior of another in a situation characterized by interdependence and risk. This explanation combines both the emotional as wellspring as cognitive dimensions of trust. thitherfore, consumer trust could be described as a function of the degree of risk involved in the situation and it is basically needful unaccompanied in uncertain situations.Behavioral intentions (BI) figure is defined as a prediction of actual behavior in socio-psychological studies (Bagozzi, 1989). The studies evidenced that intention is a prediction of actual behavior. Bae (2014) point out that intentions are powered by a persons attitude, norms and self- control. This examine is founded Ajzens Theory of Planned Behavior. The theory is used for behavioral intentions. It emphasize that a persons behavior is intentional is the result of attitude, subjunctive norms and self-control.Behavioral intention is also described as the extent to which users are willing to use a technology (Carlsson, Carlsson, Hyvonen, Puhakainen Walden, 2006). The subjective norm construct for behavioral intention is the most supreme antecedent (Ajzen, 1991). The theory of planned behavior (TPB) explains the purchase intention (Ajzen Madden, 1986). The theory of reasoned action (TRA) describes that exercise of behavior is presented by the intention to fetch out the behavior itself (Warshaw, 1980). The theoretical studies point out that intentions predicts a persons behavior. This view baring with a context of BI to use customer intention of mobile banking system for this system.Research Framework and MethodologyResearch ObjectiveThis study proposed to ide ntify the factors influencing acceptance and adoption of mobile banking systems in Myanmar and set up the behavioral intention to use the mobile banking in the Myanmar banking sector.Conceptual FrameworkThe conceptual material of the study is adopted from the theoretical mannikin of Intention to use mobile banking in India (Sindhu Singh and R.K. Srivastava, 2018). The framework using in this research to find the customer intention to use the mobile banking system in Myanmar. To these study the factors consists of self-efficiency, perceived ease of use and social influence and intention to use.The other factors included security, Trust, and perceived financial cost, which are recognized to influence mobile banking acceptance(Luarn and Lin, 2005 Lee et al.,2007 Zhou, 2011 Yu, 2012 Hanafizadeh et al., 2014 Afshan and Sharif, 2016). The bank customer has many digital payment system to use than mobile banking where these six constructs tactics an important role.The study aimed that i f the mobile banking system is easy to use, customers have the self-confidence to use and it is secure, trustworthy system, and cheaper than other digital payment system, more customers will be willing to use mobile banking system. Thus, the conceptual framework is veritable to study the factors of influencing to use mobile banking in Myanmar as shown in watch 1.HypothesisThe hypotheses of this research based on the conceptual framework to find the relationship amongst Self-Efficacy, perceived ease of use, Social act upon, Security, Trust, perceived financial cost that influence the customer intention to use the mobile banking in Myanmar. There are four hypotheses in this study are as followH1Self-efficacy has significant influence on perceived ease of value of mobile banking system.H2 Self-Efficacy (H2a), perceived ease of use (H2b), Social Influence (H2c), Security (H2d), Trust (H2e), perceived financial cost (H2f) have significant influence on intention to use mobile banking system.H3 Security has significant influence on Trust of mobile banking system.H4 There is a significant mean difference in monthly income level on intention to use mobile banking system.Reliability MethodologyThis research was conducted by performing the qualitative analysis for the adoption of mobile banking systems in Myanmar through a survey method. The survey was carried on in form of online and offline questionnaire to collect all required data. The comfort station and snowball sampling techniques were used as non-probability sampling for the data collection. There are three parts of in questionnaire which are screening question, Likert scale and demographic. cadence of Conceptual Framework and VariablesThe target responder of this research were people who live in Myanmar and have used mobile banking system. The publications review was conducted to ensure that the model were trance for developing the conceptual framework and to date all variables incorporated in this stu dy. A five-point Likert scale was applied to analyse all hypotheses by ranking from strongly resist (1) to strongly agree (5) throughout this study to measure the hypotheses. Population and sampleThe research questionnaire was distributed through the online and offline based survey with 200 respondents answered to the survey. The questionnaires have been distributed using sampling techniques of the convenience and snowball methods in order to adjudge the data. The people who live in Myanmar ceaselessly 6 months and have used the mobile banking system were selected as target respondents for this study.Reliability TestThe reliability test and validity of the questionnaire was established the vaporize test by distributing 30 respondents. Cronbachs alpha Coefficient was considered to examine the reliability level of each group of items included in the questionnaire. The test result of independent variable is uniform the requirement standard with Cronbachs Alpha Coefficient higher than 0.6 (Cronbach, 1951).The Cronbachs Alpha Coefficient result in a range between 0.733 and 0.899 which is greater than 0.6. Therefore, the questionnaire developed for this study is fully achieved the standard required for reliability test. The result is shown in skirt 1.Table 1Consistency of the scales test (N=30)Variables Number of items Cronbachs AlphaPerceived ease of use (PEOU) 2 0.752Social Influence (SI) 3 0.733Computer self-efficacy (CSE) 2 0.789Security (S) 3 0.842Perceived financial cost (PFC) 3 0.748Trust (T) 4 0.836Behavioral Intention (BI) 4 0.899