Detecting the Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder based on Wavelet Tra

In recent years, researchers have developed powerful wavelet techniques for the multi-scale representation and analysis of signals 12345. Wavelets localize the information in the time-frequency plane6. One of the areas where these properties have been applied is diagnosis. Due to the wide variety of signals and problems encountered in biomedical engineering, there are various applications of wavelet transform 78910.Like in the heart, there exists a rhythmic electrical oscillation in the stomach. With the accomplishment of the whole digestive military operation of the stomach, from mixing, stirring, and agitating, to propelling and emptying, a spatiotemporal pattern is formed 11. The stomach has a complex physiology, where physical, biological and psychological parameters take part in, becoming difficult to apprehend its behavior and function. It is presented the initial concepts of a mechanical prototype of thestomach, it uses to describe mechanical functions of storing, mixing a nd food emptying 1213.The nature of gastric electrical activity in health and disease is fairly well understood. In man, it consists of recurrent regular depolarization (slow waves or electrical control activity-ECA) at 2.5 to 4 cycles per minute, and intermittent high-frequency oscillations (spikes or electrical response activity-ERA) that appear only in association with contractions. The oscillations commence at a pacemaker site high up in the principal and propagate to terminate at the distal antrum. The velocity of propagation and the signal amplitude increase as the pylorus is approached. ECA are the ultimate determinant of the frequency and statement of propagation of phasic contractions, which are responsible for mixing and transp... ...ls from their wavelet coefficients, before they are applied to a static queasy profits for further classification. The design of neural network is simple because only interesting features of GEA types are presented. The experimental resul ts show that its possible to classify GEA types by using this simple neural network architecture. We present the results from a network which is trained on sample types.The approach of classifying the output of a feature detector offers greater computational efficiency and true statement than that of attempting to use a neural network directly upon a GEA signal, and yet preserves the ability to train and flexibility of a neural network.Section 3 of this paper describes the architecture of a network to classify the GEA types for detecting abnormalities. Experimental results of training and testing a network are presented in section 6.

Anointed King :: essays research papers

Within Shakespeare&8217s play Richard II on that point are many questionable and untrusting characters. Truth and duty are only illusions within the play. Lust for power and control override the order of England and its decree king. It&8217s believed that it is by the will of idol that Richard is king. No mortal man can come between what perfection has set before them as rule. The final decision is matinee idol&8217s and the only way that immortal&8217s choice can be changed is by God himself, and no one else. God takes the Garden of Eden from Adam, and like Adam, England is taken from Richard. It is questionable if Bolingbroke acts against God&8217s will or through God&8217s will. Richard is king, and though a sad choice, he has been ordained by God as king and ruler of England. It is not for his followers to make up if he is to be replaced by someone that they feel would be a better caretaker of the &8220garden. In Richard II , by overtaking the crown a nd refilling Richard with Bolingbroke, society is going against its own belief that Richard is ordained by God. From an Englishman&8217s point of view it could be argued that God is somewhat responsible for the demesne that England is in, because they believe Richard was chosen by God. Within Richard II , God is believed to be forsaken so that England can become a great kingdom again, and this is done in hope that Richard&8217s wrongs can be made right by Bolingbroke. Richard&8217s opposition - York, Bolingbroke, and Northumberland - believe that what they are doing is done to refine the badly tended &8220garden. They want to replant it with Bolingbroke as king, and this they believe will restore England to order. By judging and replacing Richard they are going against what their society believes is God&8217s will. This is the worst mistake of all, because as the saying goes &8220two wrongs don&8217t make a right. They are playacting against a power far grea ter than anything they could imagine Richard being able to do. Their worries should not be of what Richard will do to them if they do not succeed, but what God will do to them at any given time. Northumberland tells of how the kingship will be restored and the garden revived. "If then we shall shake off our slavish yoke,/ Imp out our drop down country&8217s broken wing,/ Redeem from broking pawn the blemished crown,/ Wipe off the dust that hides our scepter&8217s gilt,/ And make graduate(prenominal) majesty look like itself," (Richard II II.

Race :: essays papers

RaceWhen I was a little girl, my best friends dad was a neurologist. He tricked us with color and number tests and other brainteasers. I was matter to by how my brain reacted to the games, and ever since, I have wanted to study the brain. Later, as a high school sophomore, I still focused on being a doctor, and that year I was deemed worthy of an internship at a local hospital. So, the following summer, I gave up late mornings and relaxing by the pond to get up early and help doctors at the hospital.I had originally applied for a neurological internship, which the program did not offer, so I was shuffled into functional with doctors in the maternity ward and the nursery. Nevertheless, by the end of the first week, I was feeding babies, checking vitals, changing diapers, and rolling them in carriages to their puzzles and fathers. Each moment I dog-tired helping the doctors with the newborns, I wondered if I should be an o.b./gyn doctor instead of a neurologist.One morning a few weeks after I began the internship, the doctors told me a mother was to deliver a baby, and she had given permission for me to view the delivery. For awhile the mother tried to deliver, but she was tense the doctors kept telling her to relax and stay still for the baby. The tense mother continued trying to deliver, and with the doctors encouraging words and the heat of the small, boxy room, I became conscious of what I was about to witness and wondered if I could address it all.Before I could change my mind, a small, smooth head slowly emerged. I discovered what I had expected - I could not take it. rupture filled my eyes along with the healthy newborn babys. What I had seen, some never see -- including the father who had decided he should stay in the often calmer hallway. As the beautiful baby was carried around from doctor to doctor to be examined and then to the mothers arms, I realized that I did not want to be an o.b./gyn doctor. Residents had warned me that this product line must be a passion or one would burn out from stress and constant fatigue, which I definitely felt after notice the birth of a baby.As my internship continued, I helped doctors in the neo-natal care unit.

Your Attitude Is Showing :: Business Marketing

Your Attitude Is Showing A Primer of Human Relations     I enjoyed construe Your Attitude Is Showing a great deal more than I expected to. I norm completelyy hate to read because I am not very good at it, and I am usually uninterested in the subject. I ready that this book to be quite easygoing to read. The language that the authors used was very easy to understand. Also, it was divided into many chapters with many sections in each chapter. This made it easy for me to keep my attention on the book. When reading I normally become tired and bored, but I was able to focus well on this book. The content of the book also helped keep me interested. I felt that the authors addressed many important points throughout the book. Though I knew much of the information discussed, I also learned a lot from it. This is wherefore I enjoyed the book the most, because it taught me things that I will use, and that are very important for how successful my life is, professionally and personally.Key Points     When reading this book I found there to be many important points that were addressed in each chapter. I found three points in particular to be more priceless to me than the others. The first key point that I found was in chapter 2. All organizations are built around people. And when you build healthy relationships with your fellow workers and supervisors, you open doors that would other than be closed. I found this statement to be very interesting. This section went on to explain how knowledge of a particular job is not all that is important to succeed in a career. I had previously not realized this in my life, even though I have had personal experiences that ponder this. I was recently offered a management position at my current job. I thought that it was strange because I had relatively no experience work in retail, and I had only been working with the company for a few months. But after reading this section I realized that, mo st likely, the movement why they offered me the job was because of the strong relationships I had developed with my supervisors and co-workers in such a short period of time. From now on I plan on keeping this point in mind whenever I begin a new job. The second key point that I found was discussed in chapters 3 and 4.

I am Sam Movie Review Essay -- Film Movie Psychology Essays

I am surface-to-air missile Movie Review 1. Movie TitleI Am Sam2. Year of Production2001 (Theatrical) ? 2002 ( fireside Video)3. Feature Length134 Minutes4. DirectorJessie Nelson5. Producers and StudioDirector/Producer Jessie Nelson, Executive Producer David Scott Rubin & Producers Edward Zwick, Marshall Herskovitz, Richard Solomon.New Line Home Entertainment6. Major Character CastSam Dawson played by Sean PennRita Harrison played by Michelle PfeifferLucy Diamond Dawson played by Dakota Fanning7. Brief Synopsismentally disabled Sam Dawson is a single father fighting to keep custody of his fille Lucy with the help of his pro-bono lawyer, Rita Harrison.11. Comparative InformationThe movie portrays Sam Dawson as a mentally deficient parent. The closest the movie, and any resource on it, came to giving an actual diagnosis of his condition is given by a decide in the film stating ?? you have the mental capacity of a 7 year old.? This movie revolves around Sam fighting for the right to r aise his daughter beyond the age of 7. The film also has many sociological aspects that correspond to Sam and his daughter, Lucy?s relationship as well as the effects on them separately.In the large amount of legal proceedings Sam goes through in the movie, I expected to hear a formal diagnosis or at least a technical term for Sam?s mental capabilities, but there was none. Some of the symptoms portrayed...

I am Sam Movie Review Essay -- Film Movie Psychology Essays

I am Sam Movie Review 1. Movie TitleI Am Sam2. Year of Production2001 (Theatrical) ? 2002 (Home Video)3. Feature length134 Minutes4. DirectorJessie Nelson5. Producers and StudioDirector/Producer Jessie Nelson, Executive Producer David Scott Rubin & Producers Edward Zwick, Marshall Herskovitz, Richard Solomon.New Line Home Entertainment6. Major Character seetheSam Dawson played by Sean PennRita Harrison played by Michelle PfeifferLucy Diamond Dawson played by Dakota Fanning7. Brief SynopsisMentally disabled Sam Dawson is a virtuoso father fighting to keep custody of his daughter Lucy with the help of his pro-bono lawyer, Rita Harrison.11. Comparative InformationThe movie portrays Sam Dawson as a cordially deficient parent. The walk-to(prenominal) the movie, and any resource on it, came to giving an actual diagnosis of his condition is given by a judge in the film stating ?? you have the mental capacity of a 7 year old.? This movie revolves around Sam fighting for the right to rai se his daughter beyond the age of 7. The film besides has many sociological aspects that correspond to Sam and his daughter, Lucy?s relationship as well as the effects on them separately.In the large amount of judicial proceedings Sam goes through in the movie, I expected to hear a formal diagnosis or at least a technical foul term for Sam?s mental capabilities, but there was none. Some of the symptoms portrayed...

Factors Contributing To The Energy Balance Environmental Sciences Essay

The ball is a physical system working a channelless symbiotic relationship with the solarise in keeping the susceptibility difference. Ideally the planet resides in equilibrium, being that the extension of incoming push button from the Sun is equal to the loss of surpassing competency from the Earth. However, over the past 400 old ages at that place are definite fluctuations in the thrust balance due to a figure of tender-hearted and natural ciphers. The top of the ambiance represents the barrier of which most of the zippo base on ballss, the composing of the Earth s ambiance plays a critical function in the changing energy budget as semisynthetic pollution and green-house gas emanations alter the sum of energy entrance and go outing the Earth s ambiance. Other more natural factors such as the fluctuation in the Earth s come forth area and fluctuations in ocean circulation overly contribute in changing energy budgets. Following this will be a comprehensive rating of h ow different tender-hearted race and natural factors contribute to fluctuations in the energy balance of the Earth over the past 400 old ages.components2.gifFigure1Figure1, acquiren from the NASA web site, represents a simplified plot of the how incoming solar energy enters the ambiance and is dispersed on it s journey to the Earth s surface, accordingly how energy is reflected back to the upper ambiance.Table1 Earth s additions and losingss of radiationEarth s SurfaceAdditionsLosingss51 Visible from Sun7 Conduction, Convection96 IR from atmosphere23 Vaporization117 IR radiationcyberspace 147cyberspace 147Table1 shows the per centum of the radiation going into and off from the Earth. As shown in the tabular array the net radiation, although equal, do non add up to 100 % and this is because greenhouse gases trap radiation hence doing the temperature addition.tsi_vs_temp.gifFigure2Obviously depicted in figure2 the planetary temperature shows a important addition during the early twentieth century. This addition in temperature is frequently related to a widespread happening, which poses a menace to smart set and the environment, known as planetary heating. Global heating is a human-induced phenomenon that affects the planet in many ways in relevancy to this try the chief focal point will center upon how planetary heating influences the energy balance. Analyzing the yesteryear can potentially inform our apprehension of what the hereafter may keep, said Michael Mann, prof of weather forecasting, Penn State. With that said, many harbor researched on the addition in planetary heating following a timeline and the consequences were amazing. By the early twentieth century at that place has been an dismaying addition in planetary temperatures due to an addition of green house gases into the atmosphere chiefly stemming from semisynthetic pollution from auto fumess and mills to previse a few wrongdoers. An unnaturally produced chemical CFC a end point from huma n activities such as transit, constructing warming and shuddery, the industry of cement and otherwise goods, when released to the ambiance thins the ozone tell apart leting harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun to come in the ambiance hence by and large increasing the atmospheric temperature. The greenhouse gasses methane, C dioxide, and azotic oxide, which increases in concentration due to the combustion of fossil fuels suck infrared frequency radiation ensuing once more in an addition in temperature, ergo planetary heating partly constitutes in the acute addition in the energy budget showed by the important addition ( figure2 ) in the beginning of the twentieth century.On a more natural note maculas may besides lend in the Earth s changing energy budget. Recent satellite measurings of solar brightness, analyzed by Willson ( 1997 ) show an addition from the old rhythm of macula activity to the current one, bespeaking that the Earth is having more energy from the Sun. Wi llson predicts that if the current rate of addition of solar irradiance continues in this form until the mid twenty-first century, the surface temperatures will increase by about 0.5iC. This is little, but non a negligible fraction of the expected nursery warming. A Which in the larger image poses as a factor to the addition in the energy balance.figpredic24-1.jpgFigure3 video display the sun topographic point activity in given old ages. Bottom diagram with a predicted increased as proposed by Wilson.The Albedo sum is a polar component in the contemplation and soaking up of radiation, because of this land screen is one finding factor in the energy balance. Since the industrial revolution human activities have altered the nature of land screen around the Earth, chiefly through croplands, grazing lands and woods. These human constructed landforms modify the brooding belongingss of scum and snow, which makes it more likely for an addition in solar radiation to be reflected from the Earth s surface, therefore a negative forcing as an addition of energy is forced out.Earthshine_2004.gifFigure4 Albedo anomalousnesss reconstructed from ISCCP orbiter informations ( black ) andA Earthshine-observed reflective power anomalousnesss ( blue ) . The right manus perpendicular graduated table shows negative radiative forcing ( eg chilling ) ( Palle 2004 ) .Articles that focus on the overarching scientific discipline precedences of the EOS Terra mission emphasis that when flora is cleared from land surfaces ( such as in deforestation or unsophisticated combustion ) , the bare surface reflects more sunlight back to infinite and there is a net chilling consequence. But, there is besides a antipathetic productive nursery gas consequence that comes from deforestation and biomass burning-the release of C dioxide, either bit good as riddance of flora that would otherwise absorb C dioxide from the ambiance during photosynthesis. While deforestation/reforestation may take topog raphic point on one-year to decadal clip graduated tables, the life-time of C dioxide in the ambiance is 50 to more than 100 old ages. Consequently, the solar coefficient of reflection chilling and nursery gas warming due to biomass firing take topographic point at really different clip graduated tables, taking to an initial chilling followed subsequently by a warming tendency.Some human activities may lend in positive radiative forcing for case with aircrafts. Aircrafts produce a relentless additive trail of condensation, which appears as condensation trails that signifier cirrhus misdirects of which reflects solar radiation and absorb infrared radiation. Linear condensation trails from planetary aircraft operations have increased Earth s cloud cover and are estimated to do a little positive radiative forcing.Variations of clime over the past 500,000 old ages have been analyzed from fluctuations in the composing of deposits at different deepnesss below the bed of the Indian Ocean. ( Pittock 1978 ) A complementary cause as suggested by Linacre and Geerts ( 2002, 2003 ) might be the fluctuation of Sun/Earth distance ( due to the Earth s orbit ) impacting the Sun s gravitative pull on the swirling of the Earth s liquid, magnetic nucleus. The resulting alterations in the Earth s magnetic attraction would change our ambiance s susceptibleness to the solar air current of charged atoms from the Sun. This change of susceptibleness is needfully another of course induced factor for the changing energy balance as this gravitative pull occurs in different timeframes.Henrik Svensmark from Danish National Space Institute, says that cosmic radiation may impact cloud formation, which, in bend, affects the Earth s energy balance. Variations in cosmic radiation can be big and rapid. He has analysed in item some events with peculiarly rapid and big decreases in cosmic radiation, and saw that cloud formation in these events well lessenings, but with a bear of 5-6 yearss.Cosmi c radiation at nowadays is remarkably high, and will likely mindlessly diminish. If the theory is right, this should be followed by decreased cloud formation globally. The planetary temperature should besides diminish, since clouds are considered to hold a greater retarding consequence on the Earth s long moving ridge outward radiation than they have on the incoming short moving ridge radiation. ( Nohrstedt, 2006 ) wherefore making a positive forcing.Aerosol atoms influence radiative forcing straight through contemplation and soaking up of solar and infrared radiation in the ambiance. Some aerosols cause a positive forcing while others cause a negative forcing. The direct radiative forcing summed over all aerosol types is negative. Aerosols besides cause a negative radiative forcing indirectly through the alterations they cause in cloud belongingss. The most dramatic alteration in aerosol-produced coefficient of reflection comes when major volcanic eruptions eject material really high into the ambiance. Rain typically clears aerosols out of the ambiance in a hebdomad or two, but when stuff from a violent volcanic eruption is projected far above the highest cloud, these aerosols typically influence the clime for about a twelvemonth or two in advance falling into the troposphere and being carried to the surface by precipitation. Major volcanic eruptions can therefore do a bead in average planetary surface temperature of about half a degree Celsius that can last for months or even old ages. This of class contributing as a natural factor in the changing energy balance as volcanic eruptions occur at different clip periods.Water vapor is the most abundant nursery gas, and is by far the most powerful absorber of infrared radiation. As a consequence it is responsible for most of the Earth s natural nursery consequence. Therefore the addition of planetary heating can non be entirely blamed on human activities, as human emanations are minuscule compared to the vapori zation of oceans, which take up about 70 % of the Earth s surface. With an addition in planetary heating leads to an addition in the soaking up of radiation which in bend leads to an addition in the energy budget.Fig_9.2_Temperature_changes_relative_to_the_corresponding_average_for_1901-1950.jpgFigure5 Temperature alterations relative to the corresponding norm for 1901-1950 ( AC ) from decennary to decennary from 1906 to 2005 over the Earth s continents, every bit good as the full Earth, planetary land country and the planetary ocean ( Beginning IPCC 2007 )Therefore in decision the fluctuations in the energy balance of the Earth over the last 400 old ages have seen an addition as contributed by both natural and human factors. Different factors have different impacts on the energy balance as discussed in this essay. The negative and positive radiative forcings have to be taken into history, as properties of the different factors, both human and natural, in order to understand the roo t of the chemical and physical alterations that modify the radiation transportation entrance and surpassing from the Earth s surface which necessarily leads to a changing energy budget over the past centuries.

Private Detectives and Investigators

By the time I am grown and have a family, I want to be a Private Detective and Investigator. This is aboutthing that Ive wanted to do since I was a kid. I know it will be hard, but it is my dream job. Private detectives and investigators assist many people and businesses by finding and analyzing valuable information. They connect clues to revel facts about personal matters. The assistance of a private detective and investigator can include being a celebrity protector, or finding evidence including preemployment verification and individual background profiles.Some investigators puzzle out crimes and provide assistance in criminal and civil liability cases. They be sometimes hired to investigate individuals. Most detectives and investigators are hired to perform personal surveillance. They may also search peoples homes, locations, and cars. Private detectives and investigators could earn up to $41,000 to $60,000 in a month. The amount made depends on the employer, their specialty, and the area that they wee-wee at. The lowest a private detective and investigator can make in a month is $23,000 and the highest that can be made is $76,000 depending on the area.There are no formal education requirements for most private detectives and investigators. Many companies require a postsecondary degree. College courses in criminal justice and police science are suggested and helpful. Although some companies require related baffle, some people start working as soon as they graduate from college. An associates degree or bach degree in criminal justice, police science, and police investigations is required. Most of the work that private detectives and investigators do is learned on the job.New investigators will usually start by learning how to use databases to gather information. The training that is received depends on the agency. Because detectives and investigators work with changing technologies, some of them never stop training. They learn the latest methods of man y tasks by attending conferences and courses offered by different professional associations. Most states require detectives and investigators to be licensed. In the states that do not require them to be licensed have stringent requirements and regulations.Some detectives and investigators receive a certificate to show that they completed a certain field. To receive this award, employees must have five years of investigation experience. They must pander the educational requirements and continuing-training requirements. They must also pass written and oral exams. Most private detective agencies are small, so thither is little room for advancement. Usually, there are no defined ranks or steps, so advancements include a raise in salary and assignment status.Many detectives and investigators start their own agencies after gaining experience and receiving many advancements. Some detectives and investigators may be raised to supervisor or manager of the security or investigations departm ent. Private detectives and investigators held about 500 jobs in 2008 in Memphis, TN. About 21 percent were self employed, which means they used being a detective as a second job. In the Memphis area, around 41 percent of detective and investigator jobs were in investigation and security services, which included private detective agencies.The rest of the employees in Memphis, TN worked mostly in State and local government, legal services firms, department or general merchandise stores, employment services companies, insurance agencies, and banks. A lot of competition is expected for most jobs same this because private detectives and investigators careers attract many qualified people. Most of the qualified people include many young people who have retired from law enforcement and military careers. The trounce opportunities for new job seekers will be in entry-level jobs in detective agencies. There will be a lot of opportunities for certain types of detectives and investigators.

To what extent did the domestic reforms of Napoleon complete the work of the Revolution?

short sleep had a plan for the revolution. The idea of it was that France would become an tint state. The primary(prenominal) things that the revolution came forth with was the ability to give freedom of a religion, a more enforced law which would help try and deal with the crimes that were being move throughout France, with the criminals getting away with their crimes. forty winkss main reform was to get France out of the huge debt they were in. forty winks likewise heavily concentrated on the education reform, throughout all of France. sensation of snoozes biggest accomplishments throughout France was that he gave people the right to practise their own religion wherever they cute to without them having any consequences, such as being punished for not being a Christian. Napoleon even helped pass a new act, called the Citizens Act. This was a huge accomplishment for Napoleon as it meant it guaranteed freedom of religion, meaning you could practise any religion you wanted in France. Napoleon even granted a homeland for the Jews, he helped urinate a group to represent them which was elected by the Jews, to ensure they had what they desired in the elected group.One of his greatest accomplishments in religion was ensuring that Jews were no longer restrict to living only in the Ghettos. On top of this in 1807 he made sure that Judaism was made one of the already several official religions in France. Overall Napoleon was very boffo with his freedom of religion as he was able to pass a citizens act and allowed Judaism to be added to the official religions of France, because of this Napoleon became increasingly popular with the Jews. Napoleon needed to improve the law and its enforcement during his domestic reform.He established and created something called the Prefecture. This was built up of several plane sections, each having its own leader of the department with the crime what was being committed in its area. Once this had been created France saw a fal l in crime levels, so was reasonably successful in trim back the crime rate within France. Napoleon was very keen on improving the education throughout France. Napoleon had many ideas that he out into action. One of his most important idea was to introduce 4 different types of schools, these include Primary school.Secondary school, lycees schools which were military schools run on the lines for the soldiers and technical schools. Depending on what the individual wanted to do as their chosen life story, depended on what they were taught. For example, if a scholarly person wanted to be in a military background the school would teach the student things such as maths, physics and military tactics. Other jobs would teach students languages and philosophy. This procedure was proven to be extremely successful as more than 18,000,000 were attending the 36 schools on the military lines out of Frances 30 million people.Napoleon made sure that once a student has finished their selected teac hings for their carer, they were guaranteed and job in the career they had chosen. Napoleon even tried to promote equality within his education reform by allowing females to study things such as religious studies. Napoleon was extremely successful with his education policies as he was able to get millions of people educated within France and got them all jobs after they had finished school, and even educated women. Napoleon continue to use the two types of money which were being apply, the assignat and the franc.He also created of the Ministry of Finance and the Treasury as he also believed this would help France better their wealth overall. Napoleon used the National lottery, he did this so people would buy tickets so he could generate an income, and this generated around 9 million francs. Napoleon then also took nigh a further 3 million francs from brim loans. At the time, many of the tax collectors were corrupt and would take a lot of the money, to overcome this Napoleon util ize 840, new and professional tax collectors.This was done to get rid of the corrupt tax collectors stealing the money, which was intended to go the brass. Once these tax collectors were employed, the French government gained about 660 million francs. The bank of France was also set up, where people could take out a loan with 6% interest. This increased the amount of money that the bank earned by quite a lot. Napoleon also decided to increase the tax on some of the items being sold in France. These included things such as tobacco and carriages.These items were on of the highest sellers in France, especially tobacco, which meant the government generated a huge amount of income from the tax on these items. The French government also bought and gave bread to the poor this meant Napoleon never had to devalue the currency and was able to control inflation. Napoleon was also able to reduce poverty, while reducing the greet of living. Napoleon generated a huge income from these policies, generating 660 million francs from tax collection alone. In conclusion, I think that Napoleon did complete the work of the revolution.He was able to give equal rights to people practising different religions such as Judaism. He was able to give a successful education to individuals to become a professional in their career and was even able to give women an education. He was successful in restoring law and order by giving each area a department in which they could control the law. He was incredibly successful in increasing income for France by increasing tax and replacing tax collectors. Overall I believe that Napoleon was very successful in restoring successful domestic reforms and was able to successfully complete the work of the revolution.

Individual Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Paper

Part 1 ? Gross domestic product (GDP) GDP is the total market value of all final operate and in effect(p)s produced in a given division in a given country. ? Real GDP Real GDP is the result of the production activity in spite of appearance a given country at a specific years footings. If one comp bes two or more periods of time using the same years prices for goods and services wherefore the result is a purchasing power comparison as seen over time. This happens because the inflation effects have been mitigated by using constant prices. Nominal GDP Nominal GDP is simply GDP that has not been adjusted for inflation. Nominal GDP does not reflect purchasing power but does show how an economy has expanded and contracted in dollars. ? Unemployment rate The most basic definition of an unemployment rate is those people who are dismissed but are actively seeking work and go awaying to work. It is typically expressed in the form of a percentage. ? Inflation rate inflation is u nremarkably expressed in an annual percentage and is the price increase for goods and services. Interest rate An interest rate is the percentage of the principal funds that is charged and compensable for the use of money. It is expressed as an annual percentage rate (APR) for loans and annual percentage yield (APY) for interest earned. Whether one is experiencing a change magnitude in their taxes, is eccentric of a massive layoff of employees, or is simply purchasing groceries, there is a resource watercourse from one entity to another and back again. Those entities cover government, businesses, and households.How those resources ebb and flow pass on differ with each situation and have an impact in a trickle-down effect from the government to businesses and finally to households. Decrease in Taxes When the Government decides to expurgate taxes, the tax typically assumed to see the reduction is the income tax. According to theInternal Revenue Service (IRS), approximately 43% of tax revenues are generated through this tax. individual(prenominal) income taxes are levied against income, interest, dividends and capital gains, with higher earners generally paying higher tax rates. (Investopedia, 2012) When a tax reduction occurs, the government pull up stakes collect less taxes which reduces the issue forth of monies available for entitlement programs. Households can be affected in a couple of different ways. If a household is a higher wage earning household consequently less taxes can result in more discretionary income to spend at businesses who offer services the household members wish to utilize. If the household is lower income the decrease in taxes will increase their income but will adversely affect any entitlement programs in which they may be enrolled.For businesses, the reduction in income tax will affect their businesses per the consumer impact. If there is more discretionary income then more money is available to spend on their goods or servi ces. If there is less discretionary income, then of course, the opposite would be true. Massive Layoff of Employees From a government standpoint and governmental employees, when there is a massive layoff of governmental employees, historically, there has not been more than a ripple in the unemployment rate overall.A 1995 survey and a subsequent 1999 follow up to municipalities in Illinois found that the average amount of people still trifling after a governmental layoff was only 3. 8%. (Reason Foundation, 2012) From a governmental employee standpoint, there is not a large scale economic impact which federal agency that the majority of affected governmental workers will still have income to spend at businesses and for their household needs. When private sector businesses have a massive layoff occur, they are required by Federal law to notify the affected employees 60 days in advance.The employees have an opportunity to look for other jobs in that timeframe, however, resources will begin to be held back by the households in the case of long term unemployment which will in turn cause business who offer the good and services to the affected families to experience a decrease in sales. Purchasing of Groceries Groceries are an inelastic product. People will purchase food regardless of the price because they need to eat.When a household purchases groceries, and pays a higher price for them in one grocery store versus another, the business which earned the opportunity for the sale will benefit. The government does not benefit from a tax standpoint on non-processed foods. Processed foods, however, are taxable which is a benefit to the government. The Government may as well pay a producer not to produce a food so as to stabilize the market. A couple of examples of this situation are in the commodities of rice and wheat.Producers are nonrecreational not to plant as much so the market price of the end product is stabilized. In fact, those producers are paid not to prod uce so there is no loss of income to those households. Conclusion Whether one is experiencing a decrease in their income taxes, is part of a massive layoff of employees or is simply purchasing groceries, there is a resource flow from government, businesses, and households. Resource flow also has an ebb phase. The entire cycle is driven by an close to an amazing number of determinants.These determinants all have an effect on the final outcome as to where and how the Government, businesses, and households use their finite resources. References Richard Coultier, Do Tax Cuts Stimulate the economy? (June 23, 2010) Retrieved on January 23, 2012 from http//www. investopedia. com/articles/07/tax_cuts. aspaxzz1kIPnIgcg The Reason Foundation, Privatization and Layoffs (March 1, 2001) Retrieved on January 23, 2012 from http//reason. org/news/show/privatization-and-layoffs

The Blue Spider Project

Is it true when you enter labor movement commission, you either go up the organization or out the door? Yes that is the truth, because there be only two places you can go from program commission, namely up to the organization or out the door. in that respect are only very few engineers who failed in program management and permitted to return to the project. In real life, failing managing a project means you leave get fired in most cases. In this case the project theater director should count himself lucky of getting back his job as an engineer.Is it practicable for an executive to take too much of an interest in an R&D project? Yes it is possible, but it is more(prenominal) important that the project manager concentrates more on the administrative work. If the influence of an executive is suppressing individuality of the competent team members it will be too much of an interest, because every team member should induce the possibility to contribute in their own way.Should Pa ul Evans has been permitted to report information to Gable before reporting it to the project manager? In the one ease up he has to report to him every morning with the raw data results of the previous daylights, but in the other hand Paul Evans himself thinks that Gable might fix them, because he thinks this is his own project. In most cases this should not be aloneowed because the information can be used against the project manager. It would be a better answer that the project manager should be informed at first if the information might strongly influence the project.Is it customary for the project manager to prepare all of the handouts for a customer pitch meeting? Yes of course, it is necessary because every one of them want a copy of all handouts to be presented at last 3 days before. Furthermore it is essential for them, because they want to scrutinize the data. Furthermore it is necessary for them to make the right decisions and avoid mistakes. The most recommended thin g for a project manager is to write the minutes on his own because he can be sure that nobody is interpreting any decision or discussion in a wrong way afterwards. Gary must take in consideration that all administrative work is necessary and should be taken serious, because one day it might become an importance at a later stage of the project to have right decision and information by the customer.What happens when a moorage of mistrust occurs between the customer and contractor? If there is a situation of mistrust, raising the frequency of interchange meeting from one meeting per month up to one meeting per week is important. But the negative thing of this change is the huge amount of paperwork. Meetings could also be postponed which leads to a time delay. Furthermore, to improve the interchange of information between the contractor and the customer, the contractor should place some stuff to the ships company of the customer.Should a project manager ever censor bad word?The proje ct manager has to report about the performance. Insufficient performance will provoke a negative reaction of a project sponsor. We think a project manager should deliver almost all the facts as soon as possible and as objectively as possible. There are lead possibilities of controlling the performance and to have an overlook of a work package. First the green calling light, which means, everything is on the right way. Then there is the orange traffic light which tells the project manager to talk to the project team first, to find possible solutions for the problems. An least the red one, which leads to an report from the project manager to the upper management to get help.Could the higher up- mentioned problems have been resolved if there had been a singular methodology for project management in place? It is a tricky task to distinguish the most suitable project management methodology due to the fact that there are a few dozens of factors that should be considered. There is no go od or bad methodology only the most suitable one. I believe that the missing communication and the violation of protocol were the main reasons for the above mentioned problems. Some methodologies could be the crystal method and waterfall method.The crystal method focuses on communication, while the waterfall method focuses on the protocol issue. However, theabove mentioned problems would not occur if there was a good communication between the responsible people. A project manager who can communicate thoroughly and effectively with his team, his customer, and his company leadership will go far. He will have a higher degree of customer satisfaction. His team will be better employed and understand what is expected of them. So in this case study the project manager is one of the people to be blamed.Can a singular methodology for project management specify morality and ethics in dealing with customers? If so, how do we then handle situations where the project manager violates protocol? When it comes to project management, ethics which are defined as the moral values and beliefs, are extremely important in gaining the support of the project team and customers. It is so much easier to point the fingers at one person. However, ethically no person should be singled out for the project failure. A methodology called PRINCE might lead to more objective evaluation and judicial decision of project. But with the addition that it only helps the responsible people to handle ethnics and is not doing the whole job for them.A singular methodology cannot specify morality and ethnics in dealing with customers. Could the lessons learned on success and failure during project debriefings cause a major change in the project management methodology? Reflecting experience is an chemical element of the final project report with the explicit objective of knowledge transfer for future projects. This report has to be compiled by the project manager and includes conclusions and recommendati ons in the finger of summarizing what can be improved in future projects. The blue spider project will not benefit a lot from the debriefing because the mistakes had already been done and the project finished. But the project manager Gary and his team could use this knowledge in order to choose a new project management methodology and learn from their mistakes.

Sox Research Paper

Running head Nonprofits and SOX Heather Tanenbaum Student ID 3750548620 Accounting finishing touch Senior Seminar in Accounting ACC499 004016 Summer 2009 Nonprofits and the Sarbanes Oxley Act Submitted Submitted to Tee M. Thein Table of Contents Abstract Introduction SOX regulations for nonprofits Reasons for nonprofits to bear SOX Conclusion Research file enumeration Communication memorandum References Abstract Introduction The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 (U.S. House of Representatives 2002) was passed by congress as a result of a wave of accounting scandals and related to pecuniary irregularities in corporations much(prenominal) as Enron, WorldCom and Tyco. SOX is called the most significant securities legislation since 1933 and 1934 securities ACT. The Act attempted to make morals more black and white quite a a than a gray bea. The increased guidelines have changed businesses and business births.These new requirements have placed greater demands on directors, audit committees, auditors and management. Most, of these provisions where solely made towards in public held companies, similar regulations targeted nonprofit organizations (Panel on the Nonprofit Sector 2005). Two hundred and fifteen nonprofit organizations have voluntarily adopted provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). M some(prenominal), nonprofits be currently in the process of adopting SOX.The Panel on the Nonprofit Sector (2005), in its final report to Congress in June 2005, recommends more than 120 actions to be taken by charitable organizations, Congress and the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) to strength nonprofits against, transp arncy, governance and accountability. The most significant provision of the Act is the requirements in separate 404 the report on the effectiveness of internal lateralitys over the financial reporting. PCAOB auditing standard 2 requires that the audit of internal control be integrated with the audit of the financial statements.The PCA OB requirements too only establish to public and private for profit companies, these would be new requirements for nonprofits wishing to adopt to SOX. The requirements of SOX section 404 requirements on internal controls have proven to be quite expensive for public companies (DAquila 2004 Pomeroy 2006), further research in to the current state of governance in the nonprofit sector would be beneficial originally similar measures are mandated. Nonprofits have several reasons they might be compelled to adopt SOX provisions. First, several states are likely to emulate provisions similar to those of SOX.Some of these new laws stop elements of SOX including expanding whistle-blower protection, requiring officers of the organization to sign the corporations annual report, appointing an audit committee and increasing penalties against those who commit fraud or impede an investigation of fraud. atomic number 20 passed the Nonprofit Integrity Act in 2004. This Act addresses financial rep orting, corporate governance, compensation, independence and fund raising (Silk and Fei 2005). New Hampshire requires audited financial statements for nonprofits with revenues greater than one million.Massachusetts, computerized axial tomography and Kansas have similar requirements (Anderson and Kelley 2006). Second, unethical behavior seems as common in the nonprofit organizations as it does in the private sector. Recent scandals in nonprofit organizations such as The NYSE, Upsala College, United Way and Education & Research Foundation, have had a negative effect on the public think in their charitable organizations (Gibelman 1997). For nonprofits trust from the public is vital because the majority of their funds come from donors.SOX could result in more positive responses from donors, investors and future board members (Orlikoff and Totten 2004). Finally, some provisions of SOX already apply to nonprofits. Nonprofits must establish whistleblower protection and document destructi on policies. Other provisions are inevitable, because of the immense amount of grants nonprofits receive which come with the own regulations and restrictions (BoardSource 2003). The economic consumption of this paper is to provide a reasonable understanding of how nonprofits have been affected by SOX. SOX regulations for nonprofitsSOX requires that companies have an audit committee that includes unaffiliated members and members of the board. SOX also requires the company to manifestation whether one of the internal auditor is a financial expert and whether they are directly responsible for overseeing the external auditors. This is to ensure that the financial statements are understand, that there is fitting communication with the external auditors and that there is an understanding of internal controls. In order to enhance standards for nonprofit accountability and financial reporting all nonprofits should have an independent audit committee (BoardSource 2003).Sox requires that nonprofits disclose whether a code of ethics has been adopted for senior financial officers. If they do not have a code of ethics reasons for not having one have to be disclosed. This is to encourage the development of a code of ethics in order to enhance trustworthiness to contributors and other constituents. The whistleblower protection policy applies to nonprofits as well as for profit organizations. This regulation protects whistleblowers from special damages and attorneys fees. It also, prohibits the employer from punishing the whistleblower in any manner.SOX provides additional protection for whistleblowers by, instating criminal penalties for actions taken against whistleblowers. Nonprofits should develop confidential and anonymous procedures for handling employee complaints. Although the CEO and CFO do not admit to sign financial statements they do need to understand them and ensure that they are fairly presented in all materially respects. The responsibility for approving the financial statements ultimately belongs to the board of directors. Section 404 of SOX requires companies to include an internal controls report along with their annual report.Their internal control report should state the responsibility of management to establish and maintain an internal control structure and procedures for financial reporting. It should also contain, an assessment at the end of the most recent fiscal year as to the effectiveness of internal controls and the procedures for financial reporting (OHare 2002 BoardSource 2003 Walters 2003 Tran 2005). SOX requires auditors of public companies to prepare and maintain audit workpapers and other information related to any report in sufficient detail to support the auditors conclusions, for a period not less than seven years.Failing to do so is a criminal offence subject to fines and up to ten years in prison. be standards for audits of nonprofits do not include a mandated audit documentation retention period. Instead, those standards require nonprofits and auditors to retain eternalises long enough to sastify any pertinent legal requirements of record retention. Reasons for nonprofits to adopt SOX Larger organizations with more resources will be more likely to adopt SOX. The public and media are more likely to be harsher on larger nonprofits, which makes them more likely to have stronger governance mechanisms.The board of directors have the ultimate responsibility of overseeing proper financial statement presentation (BoardSource 2003 Walters 2003). Research on the relationship between board size and firm value has had mixed results. Yermack (1996) provides evidence that smaller boards are associated with a higher firm value. In 2008, Coles find that are diversified among industries or have high leverage, are more likely to benefit from a larger board of directors. Corporate governance characteristics, have been shown to be related to the size of the board.Bradbury (1990) finds board size and i ntercompany ownership to be determinants of uncoerced audit committees in public companies. In another study shows that larger boards are more likely to create audit committee boards (Beasley, Salterio, 2001). In a NASDAQ over the counter study done by Pincus (1989), he found that managerial ownership, leverage, size of the company, proportion of outside directors to total directors, use of Big 8 auditors and participation in the National Market System are related to voluntary formation of audit committees.As a result as the size of the board of directors of a nonprofit increases, so does the likely hood that they will voluntarily adopt SOX. Nonprofits with independent boards of directors are also more likely to adopt SOX. The main reasons nonprofits would voluntarily adopt SOX would be to increase the trust in the public in order to receive more funds. However some nonprofits, feel that the provisions in SOX burden the nonprofits so much that it is beneficial not to adopt SOX.Thes e nonprofits powerfully believe that SOX should not be required for nonprofits for the following reasons One, nonprofits are grassroots organizations with small staffs and have boards filled with community- minded people with little or no business and management background. If SOX was required out of these nonprofits, the staff would be overwhelmed, along with the board and it would take away from the nonprofits primary mission. Two, nonprofits are already held to higher standards by the public then private or government agencies because, if the public doesnt trust the organization they wont donate their money.Also, nonprofits receive a large portion of their funds from government grants which are held to strict oversight and laws and regulations. Three, certain regulations of SOX will increase overhead costs and make the nonprofits look less efficacious to contributors. On the other hand, by voluntarily adopting SOX, nonprofits are showing to the public that they are concerned about protecting funds, increasing operating efficiency and effectiveness, also enhancing accountability. Conclusion Research file memorandum Communication memorandum References Anderson, S. , and C. L. Kelley. 2006.Advising nonprofit organizations. The CPA diary 76 (8) 20-26. Beasley, M. S. , and S. E. Salterio. 2001. The relationship between board characteristics and voluntary improvements in audit committee composition and experience. Contemporary Accounting Research 18 (Winter) 539-570. BoardSource. 2003. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and implications for nonprofit organizations. open at http//www. boardsource. org/clintfiles/Sarbarnes-Oxley. pdf. Bradbury, M. E. 1990. The incentives for voluntary audit committee formation. diary of Accounting and Public Policy 9 (1) 19-36. Broude, P.D. 2006. The impact of Sarbanes-Oxley on private & nonprofit companies. Foley and Lardner, LLP. Available at http//www. foley. com/publications/pub_detail. aspx? puibid=3511. Coles, J. L. , D. D. Naveen , and L. Naveen. 2008. Boards Does one size fit all? Journal of Financial Economics 87 (2) 329-356 DAquila, J. M. 2004. Tallying the cost of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The CPA Journal 74 (11) 6-9. Gibelman, M. , S. Gelman, and D. Pollack. 1997. The credibility of nonprofit boards A view from the 1990s and beyond. Administration in Social Work 21 (2) 21-39. Grant Thornton LLP. 2006.Grant Thornton National Board governance survey for not-for-profit organizations. Available at http//www. granthornton. com/staticfiles/GTCom/files/Industries/NotForProfit/nfp_board1. pdf. GuideStar. 2005. Nonprofits, Sarbanes-Oxley, and the states. Available at http//www. guidestar. org/DisplayArticle. do? articleId=779. Hempel, J. , and A. Borrus. 2004. Now the nonprofits need cleaning up Cozy boardrooms at colleges and charities face increasing government scrutiny. BusinessWeek (June 21) 107. Hymowitz, C. 2005. The Sarbanes-Oxley era, running a nonprofit is only getting harder.Wall Street Journal (June 21) B1. OHare, P. 2002. Sarbanes-Oxley raises red flag for not-for-profits. Healthcare Financial Management 56 (10) 42-44. ORegan, K. , and S. M. Oster. 2005. Does the structure and composition of the board matter? The case of nonprofit organizations. Journal of uprightness Economics and Organization 21 (1) 205-227. Orlikoff, J. , and M. Totten. 2004. Applying for-profit governance reforms. Healthcare Executive 19 (3) 52. Panel in the Nonprofit Sector. 2005. Strengthening transparency, governance and accountability of charitable organizations. Available at

Net Neutrality Outline

Net Neutrality Presentation 1. What is Net Neutrality? a. Net Neutrality is best defined as a network be after article of belief. The idea is that a maximally useful public in straination network aspires to treat all case, sites, and platforms equally. This allows the network to carry every form of information and support every kind of application. The principle suggests that information networks are often more valuable when they are less specialized when they are a platform for multiple uses, present and future. i. Basically what the meshwork is today, an Open Network. i. The opposite of a Closed Network, where the provider determines content. b. Net Neutrality is a network design paradigm that argues for broadband network providers to be completely detached from what information is sent oer their networks. c. What keeps the Internet open is Net Neutrality the longstanding principle that preserves our right to communicate freely online. This is the definition of an open Intern et. d. With Net Neutrality, the networks only job is to move data non to choose which data to exclusive right with higher quality answer. iii.Think of another open network like electric grid 1. Innovation-driving network 2. Why should you care? e. Censorship f. Blocking/ Discrimination iv. only data delivered at the same speed regardless of content 2. No preference to a particular service over another a. Think Skype over Facetime. v. Net neutrality also means that carriers cant tack on an extra cost for heavy users everyone can stream and download as much content as they like. vi. No penalty fees attached to visiting different categories of websites.Devices share and share alike carriers treat a smart phone no differently than a desktop. vii. A tiered Internet would also make it easier for content streams from corporate giants to rule the Web without net neutrality, innovative startups like Craigslist and Google might not ever have seen enough traffic to get off the ground. g. B andwidth Throttling viii. Bandwidth Throttling is the intentional slowing of Internet service by an Internet service provider. It is a reactive measure employed in communication networks in an apparent attempt to regulate network traffic and minimize bandwidth congestion. x. To help compass this, if you use an extraordinary amount of data and fall within the top 5% of Verizon Wireless data users we may reduce your data throughput speeds periodically for the eternal sleep of your then current and immediately following billing cycle to ensure high quality network performance for other users at locations and times of card demand. Our proactive management of the Verizon Wireless network is designed to ensure that the remaining 95% of data customers arent negatively affected by the inordinate data enjoyment of just a few users. . Digital rights and freedoms x. Telecommunication companies are merely a means to an end. In other words, they are merely the gateway to the Internet they d ont own the Internet themselves. i. Privacy xi. Wiretapping violation 3. Arguments Against Net Neutrality j. Enforcement xii. Who is supposed to regulate the internet? xiii. Spans across multiple countries k. Government Regulations xiv. too much control for the government xv. Censorship 3. China xvi. Network Optimization 4. Greater good 5. % of users ruining network performance for 95% xvii. Antipiracy 6. Makes the ability to wear out piracy 7. Shutting down rouge websites providing pirated content xviii. Special Services 8. Certain services that are need maybe should have first solve at the network/ higher faster speeds 4. Conclusion l. Who owns the internet? xix. Telecommunication companies are merely a means to an end. In other words, they are merely the gateway to the Internet they dont own the Internet themselves.

High School and Goals Essay

Hello my name is Rick Brooks and this is my student story. What the on course intensity has helped me with the most is getting me to commit to my destinations and dreams. I was once a bright eyed young spicy school student with the dreams of going to college and making something divulge of myself. My graduation year from High School was 1992, yes 20 years ago, and yes that makes me 38 years old. I grew up with a family of 5 having four siblings and just my get under ones skin to raise us. Money was tight and going to a four year university was out of the question.Information about scholarships at my school was minimal. I began working full time and decided to go to college anyways. So in 1992 I enrolled at AB Tech Technical college. Working full time and not having a very good commitment to my goals and dreams, I did not do so well. I eventu everyy dropped out after my third quarter. At this time I did not even know to drop my classes, I just stopped going, what a big mistake. I now have several Fs on my transcript from 1992.20 years and one fifteen year old daughter later, I have began to achieve my goals and dreams again. This is where On Course Strategies for Creating Success in College and in Life came into my life. Upon get-go the ACA cxv 01 class I was very reluctant. I had already taken some college courses and had done well, at least(prenominal) until I dropped out. I figured that I did not need this class and I was pissed that the college was making me take it. When the class started on chapter 3, things began to make sense. I needed to design a compelling life mean.I had no idea how to do this. As I went on in the course, I starting figuring things out, things that I already knew I wanted, but thinks to On Course it started to all make sense. I needed to set goals. But how does one set goals, I cast that I knew how, but I did not. The book showed me how to use the DAPPS rule, which is dated, achievable, personal, positive and specific. I have since then set some goals and dreams for myself. I plan on graduation with my business degree from AB Tech college, thats goal number one. thusly I will pursue my dream. I want to open a bar and grill beachside in Key West FL. Before the On Course book I would have never thought these goals to be possible, but when I starting asking myself are these goals dated. Yes they are. I will graduate college in 2013. Are they achievable? Yes graduation is just around the corner and I have already taken a couple of trips to Key West to scope out the location for my restaurant. The book says that a goal should be at least 50 percent believable to me.It is now more like 75 percent believable to me now Are my goals personal? Yes, nothing would satisfy me more the when I crack the stage and get my degree. I will be the first out of my four siblings (which are all grown now and not enrolled in college) to get a degree from college. I am motivated because these goals are mine and no one else s. Are my goals positive? Yes, going through this course I realized that I should focus on what I want and not to focus on what I dont want. Are my goals specific? Yes, my goals are specific.I will be able to round my success when I get my degree next year. I only have six classes left, its been a long road, but a rewarding one. Whenever I start to stray from my course, I ring my goals and dreams. I have worked way too hard and have came way too far to birth up now. My dreams are my motivation into the future, they will guide me from here on out. I am thankful for my dreams, and I am thankful for On Course for putting me on course to my life plan by showing me how to commit to my goals and dreams. Thank you On Course

Louis Pojman Short Summary Essay

Louis Pojman argues for objectivism instead of relativism in incorruptity even though we ar attracted to the idea of relativism. Ethical relativism is made up of a mixed bag thesis and a dependency thesis. The diversity thesis is also known as cultural relativism and basically states that exampleity is several(predicate) between different societies. The dependency thesis is similar to the diversity thesis, only states that morality depends on the context of the society. There are two views on the dependency thesis. In one view it is the application of the moral principles that depends on the situation, save in the other the principles (not how they are applied) actually depend on the situation. And even with the application of moral principles it is key to remember that they can change. Ethical relativism has two categories subjectivism and conventionalism. Subjectivism is all about the individual, the like it is everyone for themselves. This idea makes flock like Hitler, Bundy, and members of the KKK (just to name a few) justified in their actions. With conventionalism it is all about the society or culture, but then it becomes a question of how many individuals it takes to make a society.If there are enough Hitler-like people then they can form their own culture with its own morals and anything goes again. Both of these views of ethical relativism wait to be going in circles allowing all behavior as delightful. Another issue with ethical relativism whether it is indispensable or conventional is that a person has to determine what is their primary culture. Culture is made up of so many aspects like location, race, gender, religion, sexual status, etc. that a person could be making a moral decision that goes against one part of their culture but is acceptable with another part. Pojman outlines ethical relativism and then discusses moral objectivism as the correct idea. He argues that it only takes one moral principle for all people to essay tha t relativism is false and objectivism is true.He states a variety of general ethical principles (ten, specifically, which may have a tie-up to the Ten Commandments or may just be a coincidence) that seem to be necessary to unloosen suffering, resolve conflict, and promote human flourishing. While learning Pojmans statements on ethical relativism I asked myself where do we draw the line on deciding what is right and wrong. As a Christian it was difficult to read that some people believe in relativism and think that whatever they personally decide to be acceptable IS acceptable or even that entire societies can do somethingthat goes against human nature. It was a relief to realise to the end of the article where Pojman argues against relativism and makes a case for objectivism based on the fact that we do have a core morality.

Hans Zimmer Essay

This case study will explore the life and works of one of the near braggy and inventive blast and medication composers of modern whiles, Hans walker. His extraordinary ability to span an extensively wide align of genres and formats with extreme competence is highly influential and inspiring. go-cart is a pioneer in his field, with his role of some(prenominal) electronic and orchestral elements within moving picture come tos.Zimmers winner in creating the builds for some of the most famous films, and his ability to encapsulate in the music the overriding themes, and personalities of the characters in modern sidereal day cinema is what makes him so special. I have chosen to write on this subject as it is completely relevant to my liaison in the field. This case study includes a discussion of the former(a) life of Hans Zimmer, his entrance into the world of Hollywood composition, his influences and growth as a composer and eliminates to a more in- profoundness discuss ion of the work on his most rate of flow films, as comfortably as a brief witness at the studio and equipment he practice sessions. born(p) in Frankfurt, Germany on September 12th 1957 Hans Florian Zimmer is ac companionshipd as one of the most pioneering, innovative, successful, influential and sought after composers in Hollywood today (IMDB, no assignment). His interest in music began at a very early end and he began acting the piano at the age of three, although he had little or no formal music education or training throughout his early life (Gillespie, 2001).Despite his lack of training, Zimmer knew he wanted to be a composer by the age of hexad and this coincided with an primary(prenominal) event in the young Zimmers life the death of his father. He is quoted as saying in an interview with CNN arabeat My dad died when I was six, thats when I decided I was going to become re onlyy serious about music, because it was my refuge (CNN Worldbeat cited by IMDB, no date). D uring his early teens his family locomote each(prenominal) over Europe before readytling in Lon strike when Zimmer was 14 historic uttermost old.Throughout his childhood his passion for music meant he neglected his schoolwork and as a answer was expelled from s incessantlyal different schools (Shelton, no date). After finally finishing school he began his professional music career by composing advertising jingles for Air Edel associates and playing in rock bands (Ankeny, no date). It was during this period that Zimmer found success as a member of The Buggles, an English new wave synthpop group, and had a hit single with Video Killed the Radio Star.It is said that this worldwide hit helped usher in a new era of global entertainment as the first music video to be sh declare on MTV (IMDB, no date). His talent on the keyboard and synthesists would continue to be signifi grasst throughout his career although this is possibly the first event that might have suggested at the huge am ount of success and appreciation he would go on to enjoy as a composer. Zimmer is known to have favoured the Moog synthesiser when acting and creating music for these groups, a preference that has endured the span of his career.It was likewise during this period that we see Zimmer first feature the use of computers with live music on stage with other successful groups (Shelton, no date). This combination has been a constant throughout Zimmers professional career and his talent in merging the devil elements is part of what has earned him the success and appreciation he currently enjoys. The diversity of his talent is as well as seen in his ability to span genres much(prenominal) as new wave UK punk, as well as Spanish pop music.However, Zimmer would non remain a part of the pop scene for long. He matte up inhibited by having to write in just one style of music and felt his creativeness was restrained. It was at this time that he first went to work with Stanley Myers who bega n to teach him about scoring films (Shelton, no date). This coalition would prove to be a collaboration of great orchestral elements combine with the most up to date electronic instrumentation avail able (Abodos, no date). Zimmers technological fascination in these early years has be influential in his later and most successful works.Perhaps it is this preoccupation with technology that has unplowed him at the forefront of composition. It could also be said that the use of both technological and handed-down orchestral elements has ensured his popularity with all generations of audiences. It was with Myers that Zimmer co-founded the Lon move into found Lillie Yard recording studio (Wikipedia, no date). A demonstration of the corporate trust of the elements mentioned above is showcased in their early works, an example of which is seen in the film Moonlighting (1982).The fusion of moody undertones performed with synthesisers and clean orchestral pianos combine to create a dark, un nerving, suspenseful atmosphere in keeping with the films subject and the emotions portrayed by the characters. His talent for creating music spanning the genres of different films is also seen in this early collaboration with Myers. Further examples of this are his compositions for films such as Success is the Best Revenge (1984) which is a drama and the films Insignificance (1985) and the acclaimed My Beautiful Launderette (1985) which have comedic elements and call for that a completely different atmosphere is created.For example, My Beautiful Launderette features a much more well- world electronic production with less orchestral elements as the subject matter of the film requires. From 1982 1987 Zimmer worked collaboratively on productions. It was not until the film Terminal Exposure (1987) that Zimmer would produce his first solo-score (Wikipedia, no date), based heavily on electronic production encapsulating the 80s pop culture era. His succeeding(prenominal) collaboratio n with David Byrne and Ryuichi Sakamoto would lead to his first taste of Academy Award success winning the Oscar for Best Original Score with the feeling The Last Emperor (1987).The theme tune of which combines influences from both traditional western sandwich and Eastern cultures, again allowing him to find out new found inspiration for his future creations. At this time he also created one of his most durable works for the UK television game show Going for Gold, about which he was quoted in an interview with the BBC as saying it was a lot of fun. Its the sort of stuff you do when you dont have a career yet (BBC, 2008). This present his levelheadedness despite his new found success.This is also another example of how Zimmer was able to span the genres of music composition whilst enjoying his work, which arguably has been crucial to his success. The next film score composed by Zimmer was the small budget movie A World Apart (1988) about apartheid South Africa (Shelton, no date). This was his first excursion into composition for a movie nock in Africa, perhaps leading to his continuing interest in this area (seen in his work on the later films The part of One (1992) and The Lion King (1994)).The workt torture to A World Apart featured traditional African instruments such as African drums and shakers bad the earpiecetrack an authentic feel. At the corresponding time, these are combined with ruling synthetic attracts which strike emotion and also bring in a westbound element, which mirrors the films subject. 4 Word calculation 3459 Student no. 15735 The success of this goodishtrack led to Zimmers interlocking in the critically acclaimed film The rain down Man (1988) after the Hollywood director Barry Levinsons married woman introduced him to Zimmers work (Wikipedia, no date).Zimmer would follow an individual process when composing It was a road movie, and road movies usually have jangly guitars or a bunch of strings. I kept thinking dont be bigg er than the characters. Try to keep it contained. The Raymond character doesnt rattling know where he is. He might as well be on Mars. So, why dont we just invent our own world music, for a world that doesnt really exist? (Zimmer cited by Young, 2008). This allowed for the score to contain escapist, other-worldly elements reflecting the character played by Dustin Hoffman. The Rain Man (1988) was Zimmers first venture into Hollywood. The soundtrack was created by the use of a lot of digital synthesis from the Fairlight CMI which was able to do sampling as well as additive synthesis where Zimmer was able to draw his own wave forms. In 1989 the score was nominated for an Academy Award and won Best Picture (Shelton, no date). His success would only continue. He was approached by the director of Driving Miss Daisy (1989) the score of which consisted mainly of synthesisers and samplers.The Roland MKS-20 synthesiser was used for piano sounds about which Zimmer jokingly quoted It didnt s ound anything like a piano, scarcely it behaved like a piano (Zimmer cited by Wherry, 2002) showing the unpredictable nature of digital synthesis. Within the comparable month as Driving Miss Daisy Zimmer also created the score for the film Black Rain (1989). In involving himself with both these films which were of entirely different genres he felt that Hollywood would not be able to typecast him (Young, 2008).This is further evidence of Hans Zimmers drive to think outside of the box, never absentminded to be constrained or restricted to create just one type of music. His broad horizons were demonstrated further in 1992 with the film The Power of One where Zimmer expressed his thirst for gaining authentic samples and knowledge of different musical cultures by travelling to Africa and sampling indigenous sings and traditional drums. He gained a police-record whilst in the country for his work on the film for being labelled as subversive (Wikipedia, no date).It was Power of One tha t led to his first expedition into the world of animation with the 1994 film The Lion King which followed the African theme. Zimmer originally created 48 different theme tunes for The Lion King (1994) before he was gifted with the outcome (Hans-Zimmer. com, no date, a), displaying his meticulous nature. It can be said that this contributed to the films success and it went on to win an Oscar for Best Original Score and Golden Globe awards (Ankeny, no date).The African drum and choir samples used in Circle of Life (the theme tune for the film) convey authenticity, whilst the use of a Western vocalist meant that a Western audience could still identify with the track. This maintained its resonance with the films main demographic, and the score was later adapted into a Broadway musical. After years of orchestral development Zimmer went keep going to his root of synthesis with the Grammy Award winning film Crimson lunar time period in 1995.However, his success post-Lion King meant that the honor lifestyle was in danger of catching up with him and his first attempts at the composition for Crimson Tide were described by its directors as crap and rubbish and Zimmer is quoted as saying that reality came back really fast for him (Zimmer cited by Young, 2008). In the following years Zimmer went on to work on the scores for many more successful films. It was in the 2000s, however, with the postmodern preoccupation with film that he became entangled with even higher budgeted Hollywood Blockbusters.The following discussions of his works will describe 5 Word Count 3459 Student no. 15735 in depth how Zimmers creative processes lead to an extremely force outive way of reservation sound for movies. The first of these discussions will focus on the film Gladiator (2000). It is master(prenominal) to note Zimmers preoccupation with imagery and how the sound will translate on screen. It can be said that rather than dictate with music, Zimmer will take elements from the scene s, the characters and aesthetics of the film to set up the tone.An example of this is seen in what is arguably the most iconic scene of the movie, set in a wheat field, which is extremely poetic. Zimmer argues that the music gives the artistic license to be so poetic (hans-zimmer. com, no date, a). He talks about the collaboration with the artist Lisa Gerrard on this scene, and describes this relationship as a opposition of minds, finding her to be a true artist. This collaboration is clearly effective in evoking emotion as the guttural vocals by Gerrard coincide beautifully with the imagery.Whilst watching the movie, it is found that the same piece of theme music is used in different coiffes and in scenes that are worlds apart in terms of emotion. Zimmers ability to create polarity with one piece of music clearly displays his strategic ability to place the music effectively. For example, one piece of music is used in a scene where two mess kiss as well as just before a battle sc ene. In the former, the effect is one of tenderness and romance, whilst in the latter tension and violence is alluded to.A further example of this is how the use of music conveys the humble theme of the movie (the personal life of the character) while at the same time can be turned into thousands of different emotions. (hanszimmer. com, no date, a) Additionally, the tone of the music clearly changes as the film moves around geographically in sight to represent the location. For example, the battle scene set in Germania consists of sustained, compelling strings and other skewed instruments which create a frantic and tense scene as well as authentically representing the location.Furthermore, for the scenes set in Morocco the sound is generally more tribal, dirty and gritty giving the sound in the movie a bigger range and representing the change in locations effectively (hans-zimmer. com, no date, a). The composition throughout the entire movie is mainly orchestral and this has the e ffect of transporting the viewer to the appropriate period of time in history that the film represents. All of this amalgamates to an all-round epic and large scale sleep with which is at the heart of the Gladiators subject matter.Another interesting aspect of Hans Zimmers work is to see how he portrayed one of the most iconic villains in modern day films in the Batman movie The Dark Knight (2008). From the outset it seems that rather than create a happy, indulgent score, Zimmer wanted to create something hateful and provocative, something that the viewer could invest in. The Joker is the focal point of the film and represents a change from its predecessor, Batman Begins (2005). In enact to convey the significance of the character the sound that accompanies him on screen displays the anarchy, havoc and insanity inherent to the Jokers eccentric personality. youtube. com, no date). In an interview on the making of the film, Zimmer describes his attempts at depicting the tone of the character through the use of razor blades on waspish wire and incessant tapping on tables and floors, but he eventually came to the extremely successful technique of playing two notes on a cello at the same time, which juxtapose beautifully. This gives the effect of a taught string that gets tighter and tighter but never breaks, paralleling the Jokers spiralling descent into madness.Also, the note of the cello slowly but consistently rises in order to draw the viewer in as the character also does on screen. This extraordinary quiet, high-pitched sound which creates rising tension appears to have a 6 Word Count 3459 Student no. 15735 slenderly anxious and uneasy quality which syncs perfectly with the character and the viewers perception of him. To accompany the sound of the cello, and add to the ever-growing tension two heavily distorted guitars, almost unrecognisable as the original instrument, are played with pieces of metal, with the result of creating a completely anarchistic atmosphere.These effects are heavily processed with the use of distortion to create a more surreal experience, detached from reality. These techniques fuse together to form a rich and complex tapestry of emotion, the audial and the visual aspects are combined in a way that portrays consent as well as contrast. (youtube. com, no date). The final movie that will be discussed in depth is Inception (2010). In the New York Times Zimmer describes his own understanding of the films subject as being about time and its slowing down, and speeding up.The Edith Piaf track Je ne regrette rien is used as part of the film to signify a kick to another reality. However, Zimmer has taken its use to a deeper level all the music in the score is subdivisions and multiplications of the Edith Piaf track (Zimmer cited by Itzkoff, 2010) representing his perception of the film as being based around time and its manipulation. In the same way Zimmer manipulates the Piaf track by using a single beat and slowin g it down dramatically in order to create the trademark foghorn sound that the movie is well known for (Itzkoff, 2010).The momentum of the film is defined by the structure of the score that accompanies it. The intensity of the film gradually snowballs, becoming more and more surreal and penetrating. At the same time the music increases in intensity and level of depth as the film explores the different levels of the human mind. In an interview with Hans Zimmer (hans-zimmer. com, no date) he describes making electronic sounds from scratch on the custom moog rack in his studio, as well as using software synths such as U-he Zebra.In order to create the sounds he wanted he would play the synthetic sounds to his bespoke orchestra which consists of six bass trombones, six tenor trombones, four tubas and six French horns in order for them to imitate the sounds. Combinations of the two create a euphoric and emotive atmosphere where deep and unsettling synthetic and orchestral sounds accompan y and synchronise with a powerful and grand visual experience. Whilst Zimmer has admitted The Dark Knight was heavy in its use of electronic sounds in Inception this is pushed even further.In order to gain a further insight into what Hans Zimmer is influenced by, it is important to consider the setting in which he creates his momentous scores. His home studio in Santa Monica, USA is extremely gothic in its decor and can be perceived as having an overwhelmingly dark and eery vibe somewhat consistent with a large amount of his compositions. This can be seen in the pictures below. (Pictures sourced from www. stuckincustoms. com) In picture one, we see that muted decadence is incorporated with the feeling of comfort. It is hard to imagine that influence would not be drawn from these surroundings. Word Count 3459 Student no. 15735 The second picture, displays the core of the hardware at Zimmers disposal.Whilst it is hard to make out the various components, some are identifiable his Que sted monitors (5. 1 surround sound set up), his Doepfer LMK4+ midi-keyboard, and two analogue synthesisers which are mounted on the back wall one of which is a custom Moog rack (as mentioned above) and a custom Roland rack, as well as two custom HP touch sensitive LCD screen monitors connected to his DAW (Steinberg Cubase as his main sequencer and professional person Tools for his final mix) (hans-zimmer. om, no date, b). The picture on the right shows a large amount of Pro Tools systems and a patch bay as well as various other hardware devices. He also has a custom built Bosendorfer grand piano. It is also worth mentioning the software used by Zimmer which as well as the DAWs described above include various VSTs such as Omnisphere, U-he Zebra, Atmosphere and thousands and thousands of sample banks. (hanszimmer. com, no date, b) Hans Zimmer enjoys an astonishing career with some flimsy accomplishments, despite the fact that he has had no formal training.His passion is maintained a nd can be seen in both the way he talks about the composition process as well as the finished product that is heard on screen. Perhaps, it can be said that in his work he is still battling his inner turmoil at the death of his father as a young son composing was my way of calming the demons in me or at the same time sometimes let them roar, letting them rip, letting the monster out and seeing that it wasnt so scary being able to look it in the eye. (CNN Worldbeat cited by IMDB, no date).It is argued here that in his work Zimmer forces his audience to confront the demons on screen whilst creating an opportunity for escapism which is what cinema represents. His productions are both seamless and effortless whilst at the same remaining extraordinarily powerful and commanding. As a relatively young composer and with some of the biggest and long-awaited Hollywood blockbusters ever to be produced in the pipeline, such as the sequel to The Dark Knight The Dark Knight Rises, his success can only intensify with time.

The Letter of Complaint

Dear Sir/ Madam I am writing to you in order to complain about your package holidays in Greece where I subscribe been last two hebdomads. On 25 August 2011 from your company I bought a two week holiday in Greece. Unfortunately, your package holiday was unfaithful and misleading. I am disappointed because everything that was said in your brochure was a lay. When I arrived to Greece I found an overflowing resort with a lot of tourists or else of peaceful island where I had to relax.Moreover, in PTCs brochure were said that there was miles of empty golden litoral but the nearest beach to the hotel was a kilometre away and very rocky. Furthermore, I could reach the mainland with a ferry which ran only three times a week and were very crowded. In addition, your company make a promise that there was a tralatitious Greek hospitality in a favourable family run hotel full of a local atmosphere but I could not find the traditional Greek dishes and everywhere was a holiday- camp atmospher e.To resolve the problem, I would appreciate your money back. Moreover, I subscribe you to correct your mistakes and do not deceive your clients. Furthermore, I hope you volition make me a sack for another holiday package, if liked to go for my holidays. I trust you will ensure that such errors will not happen again. I look forward to your replay and a resolution to my problem. Please while away me at the above address or by phone. Yours faithfully,

Mental wellbeing and Mental Health Essay

1. record the different views on the nature of affable intimately-being and psychic wellness and the factors that whitethorn influence both(prenominal) across lifespanIt is a well cognise fact, that everyone is one of pleasing unique if you like. There for thither will be invariably different views on this as well as another(prenominal) matters. ( diet, fittingness ect)while this and that is working for some, it may not work for the other. up to now there is a basic so c on the wholeed skeleton form which we can build up what is the best for the single. noetic well-being can be very unstable thing and it can be tipped either way at any metre by trauma or excitement.Influencing factors childhood take in believes information lifestyle status of dead body and mind reasons for psychic well-being/ or illness( stress, death of love one ect) other known/ unknown influencing factors1.1 Evaluate two different views on the nature of rational well-being and cordial healthAs already stated every individual is unique and we cannot assume of otherwise. There for every individual. However there is a basic skeletons from which we can build on ( discernment, diagnosis and therapy)If we would go to total basics then we would find two directions from which to start.Positive- People in that state of mind having can do perspective, find easy business s solving, their physical health is usu completelyy very good or healing of injury or other goes much faster then at prejudicious thought individual. In case of diagnosis and cargon positive verbalisation helps to encourage a positive surgery and to come about on track in modulate to get wellHOWEVER every individual is unique and there for the carer/ doctor or other must must always let customer find best path which is best for the knob. ( his own way at his own time)Negative- individual sees each(prenominal) as all try for lost/ no other way , due lack of hope and motivation lets thing spin out of h and to list things worse.Problem to acknowledge a problem or willingness to accept helpinghand is a big issue. ( mingled reasons like shameless, loss of hope,other). with the disallow intellectual state you may find that physical signs are atpresent ( lack of sleep, aggression, nervosas, other)Mental health linked to medical model which focuses on treating illnesses establishing diagnosis and treatment as well as prevention, providing medical and other support ( various groups sessions ect) moral well-being- take holistic view of the individual experience. eg. How knobs friends and family contradict to him and his illness, providing moral and genial support. Also nutrition and area client lives plays ample role various activities with the friends and family kind of than providing medical treatment it is more about helping getting better and supported or not sick at all1.2 explain range of factors which may influence mental well-being and mental health across the life span including ( 3 factors) individuals past history- childhood and teenage hood are the vital parts of our lifes. They makes us who we are, makes our believes or other. ( hobbies, mind set, likes not likes other) whether we like it or not most whole life we will compare new outcomes or solving new problems base on our past. biological factors- heath problems chip off in family at the present or in past. ( usually inheritance illness) male or female brain or other injury not related to family ( shot or other) poor nutrition or drug abuse intake of toxins in body accessible factors- family ground indiv. grown up various social believes ( religion or other) group of people who socialize with, how they observe you(example heath or drug oriented groups) state or community you life in and how they accept youpsychological factors- already ongoing psych. Illness stress or shock loss of loved one lack of self esteem1.3 Explain how following types of peril factors and protective(p) factors influence aim of resilience in individuals and groups in relationto mental health and well beingIn quantum natural philosophy as well as in various ancient civilisation there was/ is believe that all is corrected including people. It my my believe, that it is really so. We all creating each other reality as well as alter/ destroying one to another ( helping or acting badly in stray to make a harm)Small thing, action or word can hire huge positive or negative impact on us.There for it is all-important(a) to identify that it is mostly actions of other which may declaration in to improving/ sustaining our mental health or the opposite( too much letting down may resolve in not trusting people or lack of self-esteem) Risk factors including inequalities, poor quality social relationshipsconstant discrimination, putting down, rejection or not acceptance are examples of high risk factors. These behaviours of other towards us have not vertical negative impact on us, but may have pote ntially deadly consequences for others as well( recent shooting in schools, which wereflamed my humiliation or bad rejection of killers ) protective factors including socially valued roles, social support and contactInclusion, full or part acceptance as well as learning about individuals, their habits, believes and other has smashing positive impact and well as it is great prevention of above stated risks. It was this strategy ( were all nation united once morest nazi example) managed to secure great goal to win both world wars as well as in to daylights climate to prevent or quickly end another. The same result is achieved when dealing with individuals.Example of risk factors- understaffed care home may have a problem with staff having enough time to spendwith client to ensure proper job done and to avoid any distress on clients as well as carers side. Carer facial expressioning under pressure to do it all in hurry may send signals to client( by actions, voice tone or body langu age) u again/ I want you off my back despite it may not be so.Example of protective action- providing enough staff in to care home as well as management victorious time to re ensure staff that they value staff opposition, time and afford can support furtherer creative thinking on staff side. ( suggest improvements, proper problems records and correction ect)This can resolve in calm and happy staff and their happy feeling can transfer on client ( client being more positive, calm more co-operative, health problems stabilized)Also, the more respect and interest in client carer shown ( at heart the reasons) the more open, happier and co-operative client is.2. know how to implement an effective strategy for promoting mental well-being and mental health with individuals and groups2.1 Explain steps that an individual may take to promote their mental well-being and mental health--take himself/ others with reserve ( not too seriously, noteverything is as bad as it seems) if problem which cannot be work out by your own doingseek advice ( also helps to stop problem from getting worse) socialise with people you feel good with and minimize contact with those one who may cause stress or worse. ( no worth of your anger, or damaged health) uninterrupted sport, indoors/ outdoors activities, meditation, relaxation, find a hobby ( doing things you love have great healing properties) sometimes physicals can provide great comfort and relaxation ( so called animal therapy is used on daily bases. Given love= received love) Find goal who want to achieve as a reason to be.( having a goal can be great engine to keep you going on the road you want to be) Volunteering can provide great satisfaction, boost up self believe and self-worth ( by doing something good and make a difference, makes you feel better about yourself.) Love frequency- every emotion has a frequency which resonates. Frequency of love is 528 MHz. In Switzerland used to heal damaged tissue. laughingstock be also used for emotion balance restoration2.2 Explain how to support an individual in promoting their mental well-being and mental health- showing by practical example, that anything can be done.( someone just got new will never use leg again and there for run, visit with him army heroes gist to visit people with similar injury, but still doing what they love) re-ensure client you and everyone else involved will be always there for him and there is nothing he cannot ask or do.-listen the problem and act as a middle man to find the right solution, comfort or just show that not all is lost make people aware/ organise various events meetings or programs where everyone is welcomed. ( cancer UK research run, Macmillan coffee beanmorning. You never know what it can give to the individual) together visit or to do all kind of sport/ other indoors/ outdoors activities introduce all options how to stay happy and healthy ( books, youtube videos, talks) gleam happiness and positivity- in order to help other you must be ok. If people sense from you negativity, may not accept your help and support.2.3 evaluate a strategy for supporting and individual in promoting their mental well-being and mental health- Assessment- gather all info available about client ( friends, family, medic. Professionals, other) make- up your own pre- picture of client, but use it ONLY as a guideline ( so you know what you stepping in to ) meet up with client and talk ( than you can make final picture, which will need procrastinating and frequent adjustments- every day is different) support- finding the best optional choices for client based on your assessment and introducing them to client. ( make sure he knows there are just options he makes final call) Let client choose the best one for him with explanation it may be changed at any time if needed. slip by to chosen program providing constant support, re-ensuring, assistance, example and guidance revaluation- this part should be done on regular bas es to see how client view all what is happening also to see his state of well- being and mental healthIn past have worked with client who was very linked to his wife. She regularly visited him on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. However, betwixt these days he was angry and wanted to see her or leave the care home.In order to ensure his calamines and better management of his behaviour, lady wrote by herself days and times on small quiescence of paper when she is due to come. So when she was due on Wednesday and on Tuesday he was angry, I just shown the ticked for Wednesday to him.He recognised the writing of his wife and under written promise on Wednesday visit he calmed down.To make it feel like its just in few moments, I have converted ? day in to hours minus sleep( giving feeling it will be here soon) and than doing various activities in order time to pass more quickly and waiting to feel much bearable.2.4 Describe key aspects of a local, national or international strategy to prom ote mental well-being and mental health within a group or community--Raising awareness about the problem and identification of consequences ( supporting various groups, meetings, net profit media other media, explaining consequences of mental illness and importance of mental health) Education and physical education- providing knowledge to people and promoting various activities -Promoting inclusion and fighting discrimination and various stigmas improving mental health of- infants and very immature children children and young people well- being in working life well-being in later life in communities improving mental health promotion and prevention in local services promoting research and education as well as international/ national co-operation regular evaluations of status of national/ international Mental health and well being Promoting inclusion and comunity spirit ( mix meetings of various religious or other groups)2.5 Evaluate a local, national or international stratedy to pr omote mental well-being and mental health within a group or comunityIn last decade have been finaly recognised how important well-being and mental health is. So much so, that comunal, local, national and international tratedies have been developed and concerned to fight growing problem of mental health. ( more and more people have well- being or mental health issues or physical illneses directly linked to mental health)Most of the strategies are order on young people where problem is the worst.Promoting equality and conclusion is one of the important part of promoting mental health as well as preventing mental health related illneses.Regular meeting on local, national or international level have been held in order to tackle problem more effectively.There are lot of support groups/ organisation supported by goverments or just run as charities. Also great finances have been put in to education and prevention programs in order to esure healty future and current generation.