Plant layout Essay

PLANT LAYOUTOut rail personal line of credit of ContentsWhat is whole caboodle layout? requirement of uncorrupted layoutFactors affecting good layoutPrinciples of good layoutAdvantages of good layoutSymptoms of poor layoutTypes of layoutWhat is PLANT LAYOUT?Plant layout refers to the transcription of somatic facilities such as apparatuss, equipment, tools, furniture etc. in such a manner so as to have quick flow of solid at the lowest cost and with the least tot up of handling in processing the crop from the receipt of raw hooey to the deliin truth of the final result. Plant Layout is a plan of an optimum arrangement of facilities including personnel, operating equipment, storage space, material handling equipments and every other reenforcement services along with the design of best structure to contain all told these facilities. A good layout is superstar which allows material rapidly and directly for processing. This reduces delight handling, clerical and other cost down per unit. Space requirement be minimized and it reduces idle machine time and idle time of man.Necessity of good plant layoutminimisation of material handlingOptimum physical exercise of on tap(predicate) grace spaceElimination of bottlenecks through balancing of all capacitiesMinimization o proceeds delaysEasy supervision and better custody resources through elimination of idle timeElimination of physical efforts involve by workersElimination or improvement of objectionable operations. E.g. Operations with no-account odor, vibrating operations etc.Avoiding industrial accidentsBetter working conditions like light, ventilation, dissension authority etc. Optimum recitation of machinery and equipment through proper use.Minimization of cost so that product will be available at cheaper rate to customer anddelivery in time.Factors affecting facility Layout spirit of plant-Engineering/Process IndustryType of Production-Mass/Flow, Batch, Job ShopType of Production-Make to s ong/order, std/specPlant Location-Area available, building type-storeyVolume of Production-Scale of takingsTypes of machines and equipment-automationRepairs and maintenance -Policy, archive on siteArrangement of material handling equipmentFuture intricacy planPrinciples of good LayoutMinimum HandlingInterdependenceMinimum investingIntegration of factors-3MMinimum movement-Distance/FlowContinuous flow-forwardOptimum utilization of available spaceMaximum visibilityMaximum accessibilityMaximum tractabilitySafety, Security and SatisfactionAdvantages of Good Plant LayoutProper and efficient utilization of available floor spaceTransportation of work from one daub to another point without any delay Proper utilization of drudgery capacity.Reduce material handling costsUtilize labor efficientlyReduce accidentsProvide for volume and product flexibilityProvide informality of supervision and hold upProvide for employee safety and healthAllow effortless maintenance of machines and pl ant.Improve productivitySymptoms of Poor LayoutDelays and work stoppage in manufacturing processSlow movement of material through the plant congestion of materials, components and work in progressPoor utilization of space lofty material handling and transportation costsExcessive handling by skilled workersProduction cycles and delays in deliveryMental or physical strain on operatorsDifficulties in maintain useful supervision and controlUnderutilization of machines and workersLack of flexibility and difficulty in production planning and controlTypes Of LayoutThere atomic number 18 mainly four types of plant layout(a) Product or line layout(b) Process or functional layout(c) Fixed condition or location layout(d) Combined or group layoutProduct or line layoutIn this type of layout the machines and equipments are arranged in one line depending upon the sequence of operations required for the product. It is also called as line layout. The material moves to another machine sequentially without any backtracking or deviation i.e. the railroad siding of one machine becomes input of the next machine. It requires a very gnomish material handling. It is used for mass production of regulate products.Advantages of Product layoutdepression cost of material handling, due to straight and short route and absence seizure ofbacktracking Smooth and continuous operationsContinuous flow of worklesser inventory and work in progressOptimum use of floor spaceSimple and effective inspection of work and simplified production controlLower manufacturing cost per unitDisadvantages of Product layout amplyer initial capital investment funds in special purpose machine (SPM) High overhead chargesBreakdown of one machine will disturb the production process.Lesser flexibility of physical resources.Process layoutIn this type of layout the machines of a similar type are arranged together at one place. This type of layout is used for batch production. It is preferred when the product is not st andardized and the quantity produced is very small.Advantages of Process layoutLower initial capital investment is required.There is high degree of machine utilization, as a machine is not blocked for a single productThe overhead costs are relatively lowBreakdown of one machine does not disturb the production process. Supervision thunder mug be more effective and specialized.Greater flexibility of resources.Disadvantages of Process layoutMaterial handling costs are high due to backtrackingMore skilled labour is required resulting in higher cost.Work in progress inventory is high needing greater storage space More frequent inspection is needed which results in costly supervision Combined layoutA combination of process & product layout is known as combined layout. Manufacturing concerns where several products are produced in retell numbers with no likelihood of continuous production, combined layout isfollowed Fixed position or location layoutFixed position layout involves the movem ent of manpower and machines to the product which remains stationary. The movement of men and machines is advisable as the cost of locomote them would be lesser. This type of layout is preferred where the size of the blood line is bulky and heavy. interpreter of such type of layout is locomotives, ships, boilers, generators, wagon building, aircraft manufacturing, etc.Advantages of Fixed position layoutThe investment on layout is very small.The layout is flexible as change in job design and operation sequence can be easily incorporated. Adjustments can be made to meet shortage of materials or absence of workers by changing the sequence of operations.Disadvantages of Fixed position layoutAs the production finish being very long so the capital investment is very high. Very large space is required for storage of material and equipment salutary the product. As several operations are often carried out concurrently so there is possibility of confusion and conflicts among different w orkgroups.